基于模型预测控制的能源产消者端对端交易策略

新能源政策市场化无补贴发展背景下,为保障分布式光伏资源的消纳,须探索有效的市场机制,发挥用户调动灵活性资源的主动性。端对端(Peer-to-Peer, P2P)能源交易作为本地电力消费者和生产者间直接能源交易模式,有利于局部区域功率平衡。采用连续双向拍卖市场机制,提出基于模型预测控制的P2P市场交易策略。针对储能参与后的产消者电量投标决策问题,利用模型预测控制滚动优化储能的充放电功率,指导市场主体的电量投标。在此基础上,将具有学习能力的增强零信息策略作为报价方法,实现各主体的自主决策。辽西某区域电网算例结果表明：所提方法能够有效调动市场主体的积极性,指导其投标行为,进一步增加个体收益,提高配网接纳分布式光伏的能力。     

Effect of YSZ-incorporated glass-based composite coating on oxidation behavior of K438G superalloy at 1000 °C

A glass-based composite coating incorporating YSZ particles was prepared by sintering on K438G superalloy substrates. The YSZ additions increased the cyclic oxidation resistance at 1000 °C, while the formation of zircon resulting from interfacial reactions between YSZ and the glass matrix worked reversely. Besides, the YSZ inclusions changed the crystallization behavior of the glass matrix, and only anorthite precipitated during cyclic oxidation. Due to the synergy of sand-blasting and sealing effect of the glass-based coating, the oxidation behavior of K438G was changed and a layer of alumina instead of chromia formed at the substrate/coating interface. Furthermore, a gahnite layer formed at the alumina/gahnite interface because of interfacial reactions between alumina and the glass matrix, leading to the formation of a bi-layered thermally grown oxide. Thus, the alumina layer was protected from the attack of the active glass matrix. Accordingly, the coated K438G superalloy exhibited satisfactory oxidation resistance at 1000 °C.     

面向风电消纳的车-储-热协同调度策略

良好的需求侧管理能够有效应对风电出力的不确定性，提升风电消纳能力。然而，传统的需求侧管理机制，受参与元素单一的限制，严重影响了资源的利用效率。因此，文章提出一种面向风电消纳的车-储-热协同调度策略。首先，建立了需求侧用户热负荷非均匀特性模型，并将具有差异性的热负荷视作虚拟储热；其次，基于电动汽车的储能特性，建立了电动汽车充放电模型；随后，综合考虑用户扰动成本和电池折旧成本，建立了以风电消纳量最大为目标的调度策略；最后，在GAMS软件上进行算例分析，并与未计及电动汽车参与的调度策略进行对比。结果表明：通过车-储-热协同调度策略，风电消纳量增大了25.42%，投入产出比减小了10.3%。     

辽宁省特定重现期舞动区域分布图绘制

电网舞动区域分布图对架空输电线路的防舞设计和改造工作具有重要的指导意义,如何科学合理地绘制电网舞动区域分布图成为亟须解决的问题。基于辽宁62个气象台站1999—2020年冬季历史气象资料,利用广义极值分布模型计算了各气象台站30年、50年和100年一遇舞动极值日数,制定了电网舞动分级原则,利用克里格插值方法得到了气象台站周边地区特定重现期舞动极值日数。最终根据舞动分级原则绘制了辽宁30年、50年和100年一遇电网舞动区域分布图,分别适用于110~220 kV、330~750 kV和特高压交直流线路的防舞动工作。绘制的特定重现期电网舞动区域分布图与辽宁地区历史舞动记录基本吻合,有助于提升电网抵御覆冰舞动灾害的能力。     

Analysis of a flux-coupling type superconductor fault current limiter with pancake coils

The characteristics of a flux-coupling type superconductor fault current limiter (SFCL) with pancake coils are investigated in this paper. The conventional double-wound non-inductive pancake coil used in AC power systems has an inevitable defect in Voltage Sourced Converter Based High Voltage DC (VSC-HVDC) power systems. Due to its special structure, flashover would occur easily during the fault in high voltage environment. Considering the shortcomings of conventional resistive SFCLs with non-inductive coils, a novel flux-coupling type SFCL with pancake coils is carried out. The module connections of pancake coils are performed. The electromagnetic field and force analysis of the module are contrasted under different parameters. To ensure proper operation of the module, the impedance of the module under representative operating conditions is calculated. Finally, the feasibility of the flux-coupling type SFCL in VSC-HVDC power systems is discussed.     

农村分布式可再生能源利用模式与应用

在梳理分布式可再生能源的概念和特征的基础上,结合分布式可再生能源发展存在的问题及农村应用情况,提炼出农村分布式可再生能源的几种典型利用模式,结合不同应用场景下的资源和需求特征,对几种典型利用模式的基本特征、适用范围和应用条件展开深入剖析。最后,结合农村分布式可再生能源典型案例,提出适合于分布式可再生能源典型利用模式在中国农村推广应用的建议。     

基于灵活性裕度的含风电电力系统源荷储协调滚动调度

新能源渗透率提高增加了电力系统调度运行难度,电力系统灵活性不足严重影响了新能源消纳和电网安全运行。从灵活性资源出力特性和灵活性供给能力角度入手,基于电力系统灵活性裕度指标,以最大抽蓄调峰效益、最大风电消纳电量、最小机组运行成本和最小可中断负荷调用成本为目标,计及电力系统运行约束,建立源荷储多种灵活性资源统一协调滚动调度模型。基于协调调度思想,优化日前每个调度时段各灵活性资源出力,然后利用日内超短期风电预测数据,滚动修正各灵活性资源出力状态。最后通过算例验证了模型及其调度方法的有效性和可行性。     

架空输电导线的腐蚀分析与防护

为研究架空输电导线的腐蚀行为及防护技术,介绍了架空导线的腐蚀原理、形成原因及腐蚀形式,概述了国内外架空导线主要防腐技术手段及其性能特点、防腐材料开发应用及标准化建设发展现状。结合中国的电网发展与建设要求,指出了架空导线防腐技术的主要发展方向,并且对新型高性能防腐油脂材料及产品的制备工艺和应用发展趋势进行了展望。     

The impact of high-energy proton irradiation on the low-frequency 1/f noise in FZ-silicon diodes

In this paper, the impact of high-energy proton irradiation on the low-frequency 1/f noise in p-type float-zone Si diodes is described and analysed in detail. More in particular, the effect on the noise magnitude, the current index β and on the frequency index γ is reported. It is shown that for large-square diodes, the irradiations cause a significant increase in the current noise spectral density S_I in forward operation, for not too high forward current I_F. This is accompanied by a reduction of the current index from 2 before to 1.5 after irradiation, which indicates a change in the underlying flicker noise mechanism. In order to trace back the origin of the excess 1/f noise, a comparison is made with the microscopic damage — coefficients for the ionisation damage the linear energy transfer function (LET) — and the non-ionising energy loss (NIEL) parameter, as a function of the proton energy in the range 10–100 MeV. The results strongly suggest that the source of the additional 1/f noise after proton exposure is located at the diode periphery rather than in the bulk.     

Thermodynamic optimization of reheat regenerative thermal-power plants

A first- and second-law procedure for the optimization of the reheat pressure level in reheat regeneration thermal-power plants is presented. The procedure is general in form and is applied for a thermal-power plant having two reheat pressure levels and two open-type feedwater heaters. The second-law efficiency of the steam generator, turbine cycle and plant are evaluated and optimized. The irreversibilities in the different components of the steam generator and turbine cycle sections are evaluated and discussed. Additional constraints such as the steam qualities at the exits of the different turbine stages are considered.